前置詞は間違いやすいのでやっかいですね。
今日はある品質管理レポートの一文を見て勉強してみましょう。
例文「第3欄:検査項目数に対する合格スコアの達成率」
Even experienced translators often stumble on this kind of sentence. How would you decide which preposition to use? Look up ・・・に対する in any dictionary and you will likely be confronted with a wide selection of choices, including "against," "with," "to," "for," and "of." Even a good dictionary can not provide enough example to cover all the possible uses. In this sentence, the key is the last word in the sentence: 率.
率=ratio: The ratio of A to B ("Against" and "with" are wrong.)
率=number/amount: The number of A out of B ("To" and "from" are wrong.)
率=percent: The percent of A out of B ("To" and "from" are wrong.)
Any of the words above may be used for 率, but be sure to use the correct preposition to match your choice.
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では今日も問題です。次の例文を英訳してみましょう。
第3欄:検査項目数に対する合格スコアの達成率
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A correct translation of the above might be:
Column 3: The number of items which received a passing score out of the total number of test items
【追記】
上記の訳例は少々直訳的すぎる感じがあります。
別の訳例には以下のようなものもあります。
Acceptance score achievement ratio for the number of inspection items.
ポイントは「前置詞を少なくして理解しやすい文章にする」という点です。
「合格スコアの達成率」を "acceptance score achievement ratio" というように名詞を羅列してしまう、というのも1つの手法ですね。